Cov ntaub ntawv xa tawm thoob ntiaj teb (UPD) tau tsim los ntawm cov kev pabcuam se txhawm rau txhawm rau tshem tawm cov ntaub ntawv ncig uas luam tawm ib leeg thiab rub tawm, cuam tshuam cov txheej txheem ntawm kev sib koom tes, qhia tawm se.
Universal Transfer Document (UPD) tau tsim rov qab xyoo 2011, tab sis pib siv nyob rau xyoo 2013, thaum Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws Txoj Cai No. 412 tau pib siv. Nws tswj kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov koom tes ua lag luam, cov koom haum raug cai thiab cov kev pabcuam se. Thaum pib, daim ntawv muaj cov xwm txheej ntawm cov ntaub ntawv xa khoom ib zaug, uas yog, nws tuaj yeem hloov daim ntawv qhia nqe, tab sis txog rau xyoo 2013, FTS tau thov qhov project txog kev siv FRT los ua daim ntawv tshaj tawm rau kev tshaj tawm rau cov se kev pab cuam. Nws raug tso cai los tsim thiab xa cov FRT ua ob hom ntawv sau thiab hluav taws xob.
Dab tsi yog UPD
Daim ntawv UPD yog tsim nyob rau hauv txoj hauv kev uas nws tso cai rau koj kom nkag mus hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ob daim ntawv, tsis tas yuav poob txoj haujlwm thiab cov ntaub ntawv. UPD pom zoo nrog cov haujlwm ntawm thawj daim ntawv teev nyiaj txiag thiab suav nrog cov ntsiab lus ntawm daim ntawv sau nqe. Nws yog raws daim ntawv ntawm daim ntawv qhia nqe, ntxiv nyiaj los ntawm cov khoom los ntawm DPU (thawj daim ntawv teev nyiaj). Daim foos ntawm daim foos tau pom zoo los ntawm tsab cai tshwj xeeb No. 1137 ntawm tsoomfwv ntawm Lavxias Lavxias. Raws li nws, UPD muaj:
- cov ntaub ntawv (cov khoom) uas tau nkag rau hauv cov ntawv xa khoom rau cov khoom lag luam,
- ntu thiab kab ntawv ntawm daim ntawv sau tseg ntawm hom khoom thauj-khoom,
- cov khoom thiab cov khoom los ntawm cov ntawv xa rau cov teeb meem khoom,
- ib qho kev ua tiav ntawm kev lees txais lossis hloov nyiaj.
Cov FRT raug hloov kho tsis tu ncua, hloov pauv tau rau nws, sib haum rau cov kev hloov pauv ntawm cov kev coj ua thiab cov cai ntawm kev ua lag luam, kev tshaj tawm. Cov thawj coj ntawm FRT yog lub luag haujlwm los saib xyuas nws cov kev hloov pauv thiab ua raws lawv. Cov kev hloov kho zaum kawg tau rov qab rau Lub Xya Hli thiab Kaum Hlis 2017, thiab suav nrog kev qhia cov cim ntawm daim ntawv cog lus (daim ntawv cog lus, kev pom zoo), ntxiv cov kem qhia txog cov khoom lag luam, cov ntawv tshaj tawm kev lis kev cai. Cov kev hloov pauv tau sau cia ua hom kev cai ntxiv rau tsab cai lossis tsab cai ywj pheej. Cov tom kawg yog txoj cai No. 625 thiab 981 ntawm tsoomfwv Lavxias.
Lub hom phiaj thiab cov haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm daim ntawv
UPD tuaj yeem siv rau nws lub hom phiaj - rau kev xa khoom (cov khoom muaj nqis) lossis kev tshaj qhia - los ntawm cov tuam txhab loj ntawm txhua yam, thiab tus kheej, cov lag luam tshwj xeeb, tsis hais tus thawj tswj fwm uas lawv tau them se. Txawm tias cov neeg, txawm li cas los xij, raug zam los ntawm VAT, tuaj yeem siv UPD ua cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb hauv cov xwm txheej hauv qab no:
- thaum sau npe khoom siv thiab ntawv cog lus ua haujlwm,
- kho cov kev pabcuam ua haujlwm thiab tau txais,
- ua lag luam rau kev hloov pauv ntawm cov tswv cuab ntawm ib hom cuab yeej,
- thaum teev cov haujlwm nruab nrab thiab kev ua haujlwm.
Txoj cai lij choj muab thiab tso cai rau kev siv FRT nyob rau hauv 2 kis (xaiv) - raws li daim ntawv sau nqi thiab cov ntaub ntawv uas sau qhov hloov pauv ntawm ib yam dab tsi, tsuas yog ua daim ntawv hais txog kev txav ntawm lub txiaj ntsig.
Yog tias qhov xwm txheej thib ob ntawm kev siv FRT yog xyaum, ces nws tsis tas yuav qhia cov ntaub ntawv sau nqi hauv nws, vim nws tsuas yog kev lees paub txog kev hloov chaw ntawm lub cuab tam. Cov ntawv xa khoom, yog tias tsim nyog, tuaj yeem kos duab nrog ib daim ntawv cais, hauv daim ntawv uas txuas nrog hauv FRT.
Cov foos xaiv thiab hom kev sau npe ntawm FRT (ntawv lossis hluav taws xob) yuav tsum tau sau rau hauv kev sau nyiaj thiab se tswj txoj cai ntawm kev lag luam.
Thaum twg thiab rau leej twg siv tau FRT?
Ib daim ntawv ua tiav ntawm rooj plaub uas Universal Hloov Ntaub Ntawv tuaj yeem siv tau yog luam tawm hauv tsab ntawv tshaj tawm los ntawm Lavxias kev pabcuam se, hnub Lub Kaum Hlis 2013 Piv txwv li, cov npe ntawm kev siv nyiaj txiag suav nrog:
- cov khoom thauj tsis-thauj mus los ntawm cov khoom lossis cov khoom muaj nqis ncaj qha rau tus yuav lossis nws tus neeg sawv cev raug cai,
- cov khoom thauj nrog lawv cov kev thauj mus los tom qab thiab hloov mus rau tus yuav,
- txhim kho txoj haujlwm tau ua thiab xa cov khoom rau cov qhua tuaj noj mov,
- hloov chaw ntawm cov tswv cuab ntawm cov txav mus thiab tshem tau cov cuab yeej,
- hloov chaw cov khoom muaj nqi (khoom muag) nyob rau hauv nqe lus cog haujlwm lossis chaw haujlwm.
Los ntawm ib tsab ntawv los ntawm kev pabcuam se hauv lub Ib Hlis 2014, ntxiv cov peev xwm thiab cov haujlwm ntawm FRT tau pom zoo - tsis muaj kev txwv rau qhov kev txwv ntawm daim ntawv, muaj peev xwm txhim kho nrog nws cov kev pabcuam tsis yog nrog Lavxias, tabsis tseem nrog lwm tus neeg txawv tebchaws uas ua tsis muaj daim ntawv qhia txog hwv tsam (sau npe) rau hauv ib cheeb tsam ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation. Ntawd yog, cov neeg them se thiab cov neeg sawv cev ua lag luam, cov tswv sau nyiaj muaj txoj cai los sau cov ntaub ntawv ntxiv rau hauv daim ntawv, tsim nyog sau tag nrho cov nuances ntawm kev sib pauv, cov ntsiab lus thiab cov ntaub ntawv, thov ib daim foos los cuam tshuam kev hloov pauv nrog cov neeg koom tes txawv teb chaws.
Cov kev cai rau sau daim ntawv
Ua ntej koj pib sau daim FRT, koj yuav tsum tau muab nws tso cov xwm txheej - 1 lossis 2. Qhov kev tsim nyog no yog rau cov ntaub ntawv xov xwm, thiab. qhov tseeb, nws txhais cov cai uas cov ntaub ntawv tsim. UPD nrog qhov xwm txheej 1 yog ob daim ntawv qhia nyiaj thiab qhov kev ua (hloov ntaub ntawv), uas yuav tsum tau suav. UPD nrog tus cwj pwm 2 yog kev hloov xa (thawj) daim ntawv, uas tsis tas yuav sau rau hauv cov ntawv uas muaj cov yam ntxwv tsuas yog ntawm daim ntawv sau nqi. Lawv tseem raug suav ua raws li kev txiav txim ntawm kev tso ua thawj cov yeeb yam.
Cov kws tshaj lij ntawm cov chaw lag luam tuaj yeem nqa cov qauv ntawm kev ua tiav ntawm FRT ntawm ob qho xwm txheej hauv cov ntaub ntawv lub vev xaib ntawm Tsoomfwv Tsoomfwv Tsoomfwv lossis Lub Chaw Haujlwm tus sawv cev hauv zej zog. Ib qho ntxiv, nyob rau hauv Internet thematic cov chaw ntawm cov chaw teev nyiaj lossis se tswj hwm muaj cov lus qhia ntxaws ntxiv txhawm rau txhawm rau ua daim FRT, uas suav nrog:
- cov xwm txheej kev txiav txim siab txoj cai,
- txoj haujlwm ntawm tus neeg tso cai kos duab thiab kos npe rau daim ntawv,
- kev txiav txim muab khoom lossis kev pabcuam,
- cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov khoom uas yuav tsum tau qhia, daim ntawv teev cov ntaub ntawv rau nws thiab lawv hom,
- cov kev cai rau kev txhais cov khoom lag luam hauv FRT,
- qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm kev ua kom pom cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov neeg koom hauv kev sib pauv, yav dhau los kos npe kev pom zoo ntawm lawv.
Cov ntaub ntawv muab tso ua ke, tsis hais txog ntawm lawv qhov xwm txheej, tau sau cia lossis luam tawm hauv cov ntaub ntawv kev lag luam thiab cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov lag luam.
Kev kho ntawm qhov yuam kev hauv UPD
Thaum kos duab ib daim ntawv, suav nrog UPD, tsis yog txhua cov ntaub ntawv yuav raug ntaus lossis teeb meem yuav raug. Tsoom Fwv Tsoom Fwv Pabcuam Kev Ua Haujlwm pub rau cov lus pom zoo tsis yog los ntawm kev tsim cov ntawv ceeb toom ntawm hom no, tab sis tseem yuav ua li cas kho qhov tsis raug lossis tshem tawm cov kev ua tsis tiav.
Cov txheej txheem rau kev hloov pauv yog nyob ntawm cov xwm txheej ntawm cov ntawv:
- qhov yuam kev ntawm tus nqi ntawm cov khoom (cov khoom lag luam) - ib daim ntawv tshiab yog tsim, nrog tus lej qub tau txais kev cawm, hnub hloov pauv tau nkag mus rau hauv txoj kab xov (1a),
- ib qho yuam kev hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm tus xa khoom lossis tus neeg tau txais khoom muag, kev them nyiaj naj npawb lossis cov ntaub ntawv kev lis kev cai - sau daim ntawv tshiab thaum khaws cia tus lej qub, nkag mus rau cov ntaub ntawv raug,
- ib qho yuam kev hauv cov ntawv tseem ceeb yam tsis cuam tshuam cov ntawv sau nqi - hla tawm nrog ib kab kom cov ntaub ntawv qub tuaj yeem nyeem tau, thiab qhia tus nqi tshiab sau rau saum toj (tus nqi) cim “kho thiab kos npe,
- yog tias ib qho ntawm cov haujlwm tshwj xeeb (UPD xwm txheej 2) raug zam los ntawm cov se - kho cov qauv qub thiab kos daim ntawv qhia nqe ntxiv ib qho ntxiv.
Ua kho tsis tas yuav tsis muaj kev kos duab FRT tshiab thiab nkag rau nws mus rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv teev nyiaj txiag ntawm kev lag luam.
Hloov kho tshiab
Qee qhov xwm txheej, nws yuav tsum kho cov FRT, thiab tsis txhob kho cov ntaub ntawv tsis raug. Piv txwv li, daim ntawv qhia nqe yuav tsim los rau kev xa lossis kev txais ntawm qee yam khoom muag (cov kev pabcuam), tab sis thaum tau txais lawm nws hloov tawm tias qhov ntau tsis raug rau qhov tau txais tiag. Kev hloov kho ntim (tus nqi ntawm cov khoom thauj raws li ib daim zuj zus) raug tso cai rau ob qho tib si nce thiab nqis. Raws li cov lus qhia rau kev xam VAT (Tshooj 172 ntawm Txoj Cai Them Se, nqe 10), cov ntsiab lus zoo li no cuam tshuam rau txoj haujlwm nyiaj txiag ntawm ob tus neeg muag khoom (tus neeg muag khoom) ntawm cov kev pabcuam lossis cov khoom lag luam, thiab txoj haujlwm nyiaj txiag ntawm lawv cov neeg tau txais (tus yuav) thiab yuav tsum tau xav txog hauv cov ntaub ntawv.
Thaum muaj teeb meem tshwm sim, txoj kev kho qhov tsis raug nyob hauv FRT tsis raug tso cai los ntawm txoj cai lij choj, tab sis nws txoj kev kho. Daim ntawv hloov kho (kho daim ntawv qhia nyiaj) yog kev kos, uas yog ib qho ntxiv rau hauv FRTD, thiab ua haujlwm ua pov thawj ntawm qhov tseeb tau txais qhov ntau ntawm cov khoom lossis cov kev pabcuam, thiab siv rau hauv kev xam nyiaj, txiav se tawm.
Yog tias UPD tau teeb tsa rau hauv daim ntawv hluav taws xob, tom qab ntawd cov neeg koom tes yuav tsum muaj kev pom zoo rau txoj kev ntawm kev sib kis thiab cov qauv. Ob tog tub rog muaj lub luag haujlwm los tsim ib hom ntawv rau FRT, pauv nws tsuas yog hauv txoj kev uas tau pom zoo ua ntej. Qhov no yuav tso cai kom tsis txhob muaj kev tsis sib haum xeeb, tshem tawm cov kev ua yuam kev thiab kho cov ntawv ntxiv, kos cov haujlwm tseem ceeb thiab cov ntawv sau nqi, them nyiaj raws sijhawm thiab tag nrho.
