Kev txheeb xyuas STEP (tseem hu ua PEST) yog cov khoom siv tshawb xyuas kev lag luam uas tau tsim los txheeb xyuas kev sib raug zoo, thev naus laus zis, kev lag luam thiab nom tswv yam cuam tshuam rau lub tuam txhab. Cov txiaj ntsig ua rau peb txheeb xyuas ib puag ncig ib puag ncig uas pab txhawb lossis cuam tshuam kev txhim kho kev lag luam.
Cov txiaj ntsig kev tshawb fawb tau kos raws li kev ua lag luam ua ke, qhov twg txhua qhov tseem ceeb tau muab rau qee qib raws li cov kws tshaj lij ntsuas nws qhov tseem ceeb.
Kuj tseem muaj cov qauv kev xeem tus qhab nia niaj hnub. Piv txwv, hauv PESTLE tsom, kev cai lij choj thiab ib puag ncig yog suav nrog. SLEPT cov lus tshuaj xyuas coj mus rau hauv qhov kev cai lij choj. Hauv kev tsom xam STEEPLE, ib puag ncig, kev cai lij choj thiab haiv neeg cov ntsiab lus poob rau hauv hom phiaj ntawm kev tshawb fawb.
Kev nom kev tswv
Kev tswj hwm kasfes tuaj yeem tsim qhov chaw zoo rau kev tsim kho ntawm tuam txhab, lossis, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, tsim teeb meem rau nws cov haujlwm. Tus naj npawb ntawm cov tsav tsheb hauv nom tswv yuav suav nrog cov phiaj xwm los txhawb qee cov haujlwm ntawm kev lag luam. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov hom phiaj kev tshawb fawb hauv lub tshav pob lossis txhawb cov kev ua lag luam muag. Lub xeev tuaj yeem txiav txim siab cov haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim kho kev lag luam thiab tsim kom muaj kev sau se lossis lwm yam kev nyiam rau lawv. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov zoo rau suav nrog tsoomfwv cov neeg tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv los txhawb cov neeg tsim khoom hauv tsev hauv daim ntawv ntawm txoj haujlwm nce ntxiv.
Tsoomfwv cov kev txiav txim siab tseem tuaj yeem dhau los ua kev pheej hmoo txog kev ua nom ua tswv thiab tsim kev thaiv rau kev tsim kho ntawm tuam txhab. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ntau cov kev tswj hwm txoj hauv kev rau kev txhim kho kev lag luam, kev sib kis ntawm kev noj nyiaj txiag, lossis los ntawm kev nce tus nqi se. Tsis tas li, kev nom kev tswv muaj suav nrog kev xaiv tsa, koom nrog cov koomhaum lag luam thiab cov kev sib koom tes.
Tub rog rog
Nws yuav tsis muaj tseeb los txheeb xyuas qhov haujlwm ntawm lub tuam txhab tsis suav nrog qhov cuam tshuam ntawm kev lag luam ib puag ncig. Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev lag luam suav nrog cov cim tseem ceeb xws li qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm GDP thiab kev nce nqi, tus nqi ruble pauv, thiab tus nqi them rov qab. Rau cov tuam txhab kev khiav lag luam hauv cov neeg siv khoom lag luam, cov kev xav tau zoo, kev txheeb cais ntawm kev ua haujlwm thiab cov nyiaj tau los ntawm cov pej xeem tau suav nrog. Txhua qhov chaw rau cov neeg sawv cev ntawm kev ua lag luam kev lag luam, lub xeev ntawm kev lag luam kev lag luam tseem ceeb, nrog rau kev ua si ntawm cov chaw lag luam.
Cov kev khwv nyiaj txiag suav nrog cov kev lag luam dav dav kev lag luam ntawm kev lag luam, nrog rau kev sib pauv ntawm kev ua lag luam los hloov cov khoom lag luam. Kev puab ntawm nqe ntawm raw khoom thiab hluav taws xob thiab lwm yam yog coj mus rau hauv tus account.
Yam tseem ceeb
Cov pab pawg ntawm cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb suav nrog kev hloov pauv hauv ib qho tseem ceeb, nrog rau cov neeg siv khoom nyiam. Cov ncauj ke no yog txiav txim siab raws li cov neeg siv khoom cov ntawv tshawb fawb thiab lwm cov tswv yim kev tshawb xyuas neeg siv khoom. Kev paub lub sij hawm ntawm cov kev hloov pauv hauv cov neeg siv khoom tso cai rau koj kom tuaj yeem kho lub sijhawm ua tiav.
Tsis tas li, pab pawg ntawm cov xwm txheej tseem ceeb suav nrog cov pej xeem cov kev txwv, kev ntseeg lub zog, kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev tshaj xov xwm.
Cov yam ntxwv thev naus laus zis
Cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj. Cov no suav nrog R & D cov ncauj ke, cov ntawv sau npe tshiab thiab cov khoom lag luam. Piv txwv li, qee qhov lawv yuav los txhim kho kev siv tshuab ntau lawm, uas yuav ua rau lub tuam txhab txo tus nqi tsim khoom. Tshwj xeeb yuav tsum tau them nyiaj rau kev txheeb xyuas cov kev txhim kho hauv cov khoom hloov khoom siv.
Tus nqi ntawm PEST tsom xam
Kev txheeb xyuas STEP tso cai rau koj los tsim cov duab ntawm lub tuam txhab ib puag ncig sab nraud, txheeb xyuas cov tsav tsheb thiab cov kev thaiv rau nws txoj kev txhim kho. Raws li qhov no, nws muaj peev xwm los tsim cov kauj ruam los ua kom cov tuam txhab muaj kev sib tw nyob rau hauv kev ua lag luam, nrog rau kev nrhiav cov hauv kev mus rau theem kev tsis zoo. Kev txheeb xyuas STEP tso cai rau koj saib lub tuam txhab los ntawm sab nraud. Nws ua rau nws tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas qhov txaus ntshai ua ntej uas cov tuam txhab yuav tau ntsib. Qhov no yog vim li cas rau qhov dav dav ntawm hom STEP tsom xam cov qauv ntawm cov kws tshuaj ntsuam.
Kev txheeb xyuas STEP zoo dua rau cov phiaj xwm kev npaj mus sij hawm ntev, vim tias nws tsis coj mus rau hauv tus account sab hauv kev loj hlob ntawm lub tuam txhab. Yog li, hom no tsis siv rau kev npaj tswv yim.
