Tsis yog peb txhua tus muaj sijhawm mus xyuas lub tshuab zeb thiab kawm paub ua li cas cov hlau smelted. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev txheeb xyuas cov txheej txheem ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm cov smelting tau dhau los ua cov ntsiab lus dav dav rau peb ntau txij li tsev kawm.
Cov Lus Qhia
Kauj ruam 1
Feem ntau, cov hlau ziav rau hauv cov qhov cub hauv qhov cub, qhov cub hluav taws xob-qhov hluav taws xob (ua hluav taws xob, hluav taws xob arc) qhov cub, zoo li hauv cov hloov pauv. Cov khoom pib rau cov hlau yog cov khoom npua cov hlau, hlau khawb thiab cov khib nyiab los ntawm forging lossis foundries. Muaj qee lub sijhawm thaum cam khwb cia hlau tsuas yog siv ua kua (hauv cov txheej txheem hloov mus los).
Kauj ruam 2
Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim steel yog li nram qab no:
- melting ntawm cov ntaub ntawv;
- kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg ntawm cov hlau;
- oxidation thiab tshem tawm ntawm impurities (phosphorus, sulfur, roj av, nrog rau cov hlau tsis suav nrog);
- kev deoxidation tom ntej;
- nqa cov tshuaj lom neeg muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov hlau mus rau cov tsis xav tau (hauv qhov no, ntxiv ntau yam tshuaj lom neeg);
- cua sov mus rau qhov kub thiab txias yuav tsum tau nchuav cov hlau rau hauv cov pwm thiab pwm.
Kauj ruam 3
Tom qab cov khoom siv yaj tas, cov hlau ua kom huv (i.e. purified), tso nws los ntawm impurities, raws li kev ua tiav uas nws ua tiav kev sib txawv hauv cov tshuaj lom neeg.
Kauj ruam 4
Cov txheej txheem oxidation tshwm sim raws li hauv qab no: cov pa roj carbon monoxide, yav dhau los yaj hauv cov hlau ua kua, yog oxidized los ntawm oxygen los ntawm cov pa tawm mus rau hauv qhov cub tawg, ore oxygen lossis oxygen los ntawm lub tshuab pa. Nws kuj tseem pab tshem tawm impurities ntawm cov hlau.
Kauj ruam 5
Cov txheej txheem deoxidation yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev tshem tawm kawg ntawm impurities (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog leej faj) los ntawm cov hlau. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, qhov kub ntawm cov slag thiab hlau tau tsa nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ua haujlwm ntawm lub tshuab ua kom sov, lossis cov khoom sib xyaw yog qhia ncaj qha rau hauv cov hlau uas txo cov pa, silicon, carbon thiab manganese yaj hauv nws.
Kauj Ruam 6
Tom qab lub sijhawm txaus dhau los rau cov txheej txheem deoxidation, cov tshuaj lom neeg ntawm cov hlau tau coj mus rau theem uas yuav tsum tau ua thiab txhua qhov txuas nrog cov khoom tsim nyog (piv txwv, chromium).
Kauj Ruam 7
Tom qab ntawd, cov hlau, rhuab mus rau tej yam kub, tau nchuav rau hauv tus ntaiv. Nrog kev pab ntawm tus ntaiv, cov hlau tawm rau hauv pwm lossis rau hauv pwm. Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob pib txheej txheem oxidation, kev tsim ntawm cov lus ntawm cov hlau yog nqa los ntawm deoxidizing nws hauv tus ntaiv, piv txwv li, siv aluminium.
