Npib, zoo li ib qho kev rov qab los ntawm qee lub sijhawm, nqa keeb kwm thiab qee tus nqi, thiab feem ntau zoo tib yam, thaum xub thawj siab, qhov quav me tuaj yeem muaj nuj nqis tseem ceeb. Qee zaum qhov sib txawv ntawm cov npib muaj txiaj ntsig thiab ib qho zoo tib yam tuaj yeem tsuas yog ib tsab ntawv lossis comma xwb, thiab tsuas yog tus lej yuav tsum muaj peev xwm paub nws.
Cov npib tseem ceeb ntawm USSR
Lub sijhawm tshwm sim ntawm USSR, pib txij xyoo 1921, ntau lub npib tau muab. Lawv tseem tsis tau muaj nuj nqis li keeb kwm, vim hais tias tseem tsis tau dhau ib puas xyoo dhau los txij thaum tsim lub koomhaum npe. Tab sis cov thawj coj numismatists npaj nrhiav kev yos hav zoov tiag rau lawv, vim hais tias niaj hnub no tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov nyiaj npib tuaj yeem muaj nuj nqis ntawm kaum txhiab txhiab rubles. Cov nyiaj npib uas muaj nuj nqis thiab lawv cov nqi sib txawv nyob ntawm seb lawv puas yog cov qauv uas tsis tso tawm rau hauv ncig, lossis cov nyiaj npib tawm hauv cov khoom me me thiab ceev ceev tawm ntawm ncig.
Thawj cov nyiaj npib ntawm USSR, tseem ceeb rau nws tsis tshua muaj, yog daim ntawv luam ntawm 1 ruble denomination ntawm 1921, uas tau ua cov nyiaj nrog tus txheej txheem ntawm 900, thiab hnyav 20 grams. Lub txiaj ntsig ntawm lub npib tau muaj ib cov duab ntawm lub hnub qub nrog chav nyob hauv nruab nrab, uas tau muab khij nrog cov dot hauv lub voj voog. Saum toj lub hnub qub, nruab nrab ntawm cov ntoo qhib thiab laurel ceg, lub denomination "ruble" yog xwm. Txhua lub rubles ntawm cov xyoo no muaj cov lus "PROLETARIANS NTAWM TXHUA LUB TEBCHAWS" nrog qhov sib txawv - qhov chaw nyob ntawm lub tsev.
Qhov nyiaj thib ob, uas tsis muaj nqi tsawg dua, yog cov ruble, uas tau muab tawm thaum lub sijhawm muaj kev kub ntxhov thiab kev hloov pauv ntawm tsoomfwv (suav nrog kev coj ua tus mint) xyoo 1922. Nws txawv ntawm cov ntawv luam yav dhau los hauv daim ntawv ntawm comma, qhov loj me ntawm cov dot uas nyob puag ncig lub tsho tiv no ntawm caj npab, thiab cov ntawv sau rau ntawm ntug ntawm "PL" thiab "AG" npib.
Lub xyoo 1925 zoo siab cov neeg sau thiab suav nrog ntau tus nqi tswv yim zoo tshaj plaws, cov khoom kim tshaj plaws uas, vim yog qhov teeb meem ntawm cov ntawv luam me, suav tau tias yog ib qho thiab ob kopeck tooj liab npib. Niaj hnub no, tus nqi ntawm cov ntawv luam tuaj yeem ncav cuag 5-6 txhiab rubles. Cov nyiaj npib ntawm lub xyoo no muaj cov qauv zoo ib yam, txawv tsuas yog hauv qhov qhia tau.
Yog li tus ploj lawm 2 kopeck npib, minted los ntawm Leningrad Mint hauv xyoo 1942, tseem yog qhov tsis meej. Raws li cov lus dab neeg, muaj 450 npib ntawm qhov kev faib tawm no, thiab txhua tus ntawm lawv tau raug puas tsuaj los ntawm cov tub rog uas siv lawv siv rau qhov taws ua hluav taws xob. Yog vim li cas thiaj tsis muaj ib daim ntawv tseem muaj sia nyob.
Qhov kev hais lus tsawg tshaj plaws nyob hauv daim teb ntawm numismatics yog lub sijhawm 70-80, thiab tsuas yog xyoo 1990 ob peb daim qauv ntawm 5 thiab 10 kopecks tau tshaj tawm, uas muaj txiaj ntsig vim tias tsab ntawv "M" tau piav qhia nyob rau sab xis ntawm lub tsho tiv no. ntawm caj npab, uas txhais tau tias Mint ntawm Moscow.
Lub npib tseem ceeb ntawm Russia
Txij li thaum lub vau tawg ntawm USSR, Russia tau pib mint nws cov nyiaj npib, qee qhov tau muab ua rau tsis muaj nqi tsawg. Piv txwv li, xyoo 2001 2-ruble npib, tawm hauv kev qhuas ntawm Yuri Gagarin qhov chaw davhlau, txawv ntawm hnub nyoog zoo sib xws ib xyoos tsuas yog hauv qhov nws tsis muaj mint cim. Vim qhov no, nws tus nqi yog phav phav lub sijhawm siab dua li lub hnub tseem ceeb ib.
Cov npib tseem ceeb tseem muaj feem cuam tshuam, tus nqi uas nce ntxiv ntau pua zaus vim lub cim cuam tshuam ntawm tsib-kopeck cov ntawv luam ntawm xyoo 2002 thiab 2003. Thiab yog tias koj tau muaj hmoo txaus kom tau tuav ntawm 5 rubles, minted hauv St. Petersburg hauv 1999, nws tuaj yeem suav tias yog qhov ua tiav zoo, vim tias qhov txiaj ntsig tsis tshua muaj nqi txog li 400 txhiab rubles.
Nyob rau hauv dav dav, npib ntawm St. Petersburg lub tsev hais plaub ntawm cov xyoo no yog nyob rau hauv kev xav tau ntawm kev suav ntau. Piv txwv li, nickel ruble 2003 lossis 5 kopecks 2002-2003. ua cov hlau nrog cupronickel tuaj yeem muag ntawm kev muag khoom rau txhiab txhiab rubles, thiab cov xwm txheej ntawm cov npib ncaj qha cuam tshuam rau tus nqi.
Cov txiaj ntsig tseem niaj hnub
Kev sau nyiaj npib yog tas li rov ua dua nrog cov ntawv luam, thaum lwm tus, tsis tshua muaj ntau hom, ua kim dua thiab ua rau muaj kev txaus siab ntawm kev twv yuav khoom. Cov no yog cov nyiaj npib ntawm ntau pua xyoo dhau los, uas niaj hnub no nyob rau hauv niaj hnub Russia yog qhov kev xav tau ntau hauv cov voj voog siab tshaj plaws ntawm numismatists vim lawv tus kheej thiab tus nqi siab. Piv txwv li, 10-ruble npib qhia txog Alexander III ntawm 1880 yog yuav luag tsis yooj yim kom tau. Yog li ntawd, nws tus nqi twb txog 2 lab rubles.
Sberbank ntawm Russia muaj cov peev txheej ua los ntawm kub: chervonets los ntawm Sower sau, tsib caug rubles los ntawm George the Victorious, lossis Cov cim ntawm Zodiac. Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv tau ua los ntawm kub ntawm tus qauv siab tshaj plaws, thiab tsis muaj nyiaj them se ntawm kev hloov pauv nrog lawv. Cov ntawv luam zoo li no muaj tus nqi siab niaj hnub no, uas yuav tsuas nce xyoo tom ntej.
Kuj, ua nco txog npib muaj nplooj siab mus rau ntau yam xwm txheej sawv tawm ntawm tus so. Lawv muaj qhov tsim zoo nkauj los cim lub hnub nco, nrog rau cov ntawv luam tawm.
Cov nyiaj npib txawv: Sochi 2014
Ua piv txwv ntawm kev nco txog npib tuaj yeem ua cov ntawv luam nrog qhov txawv ntawm 25 rubles, uas tau muab ua ntej Sochi Olympics. Cov no yog plaub yam tshwj xeeb ntawm npib, txhua tus muaj nws lub ntsiab lus: thawj ob, "Talismans of Sochi", yog minted los ntawm ib qho sib xyaw ntawm npib tsib xee thiab tooj liab, ntxiv rau, ib qho ntawm lawv, nrog ncig ntawm 250 txhiab units, yog xim. Qhov thim rov qab ntawm cov nyiaj npib yog engraved nrog cov cim ntawm Olympic Games: dais, tsov txaij thiab ib tug luav.
Ob hom tom ntej no, "Cov Cim ntawm Sochi", kuj tseem muaj xim thiab tsis muaj xim. Ntawm lawv, daim thim rov qab qhia txog daus-capped toj siab nrog cov ntawv sau "sochi.ru 2014", thiab nyob ib sab ntawm nws muaj tsib lub cim ua cim rau lub Olympics. Lub npib xim kub nta cov ntawv sau xiav-tinted, thiab cov ntiv nplhaib tau qhia hauv cov xim sib txawv.
Cov paj xyeem hauv Sochi muaj ib qho ntxiv dua - lub tsho tiv no ntawm caj npab yog piav qhia ntawm obverse, hauv qhov sib piv ntawm cov nyiaj npib tas.
Cov npib uas ua kev lom zem xyoo 2014 tsis yog qhov khoom plig txaus siab thiab muaj txiaj ntsig. Cov qauv no ua rau cov neeg nyiam sau nyiaj muaj txiaj ntsig thiab cov twv txiaj xav tau kev coj ntawm lawv thiaj li muab cov nyiaj npib ntau xyoo tom qab ua qhov cim xeeb zoo nkauj ntawm qhov kev tshwm sim zoo tshaj plaws.
