Kev siv tshuab ua tshuab yog txoj cai yog rau tus ceg ntoo loj ntawm kev lag luam kev lag luam, uas cuam tshuam rau kev txhim kho ntawm lwm qhov chaw ntawm tib neeg kev lag luam.
Hauv cov teb chaws vam meej, qhov qhia tawm ntawm kev siv tshuab ua tshuab hauv cov khoom lag luam hauv lub teb chaws tau zoo heev - txog 30-35%. Qhov peculiarity ntawm kev siv tshuab niaj hnub no yog qhov ua tau zoo, kev sib tw thiab ntau haiv neeg. Yog li ntawd, cov koom nrog cov khoom lag luam tsim khoom siv tshuab kev lag luam, thiab tom qab ntawd xa tawm mus rau Asmeskas, Sweden, Lub Tebchaws Yelemees, nce mus txog 48%, thiab Nyij Pooj - nce txog 65%. Mechanical engineering muaj cov qauv feem ntau lees txais, uas suav nrog ntau qhov kev lag luam loj.
Kev tsim kho tshuab
Qhov no suav nrog kev tsim khoom siv tshuab cuab yeej, txhais tau tias ntau lawm. Lub teb chaws Yelemees, Nyij Pooj, Tebchaws Asmeskas, Askiv, Switzerland yog lees paub tias yog cov thawj coj uas tau lees paub hauv kev ua haujlwm hnyav, uas suav nrog kev tsim khoom ntawm cov khoom siv rau cov mines, metallurgy. Cov teb chaws tsim (Is Nrias teb, Brazil, Taiwan, South Kaus Lim) tsim tsis ntau tshaj 10% ntawm tag nrho cov khoom. Tshuab-cuab tam lub tsev yog tsim nyob rau hauv Ltalis, Nyiv, Asmeskas, Russia. Yuav luag txhua qhov tuam txhab tsim hluav taws xob hnyav tau nyob ze rau kev lag luam hlau luam; piv txwv li, hauv Russia nws yog Urals, hauv Tebchaws Poland - Silesia, hauv Asmeskas - sab qaum teb sab hnub tuaj ntawm lub tebchaws.
Hluav taws xob kev lag luam
Cov thawj coj hauv kev lag luam hluav taws xob hauv xyoo tsis ntev los no tau txeeb los ntawm kev lag luam hluav taws xob, uas cov khoom lag luam xav tau yuav luag txhua qhov kev lag luam. Qhov ntim ntawm txhua xyoo muag cov khoom ntawm hom no nce mus txog 1 trillion. las. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, ib nrab ntawm nws yog tus kheej lub khoos phis tawm, tshuab hauv tshuab hluav taws xob, 30% yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob (microcircuits, cov khoom siv, cov khoom siv nyuaj, thiab lwm yam), 20% yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Kev taw qhia tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim kho tom qab yog miniaturization, txhim kho kom zoo thiab nce ntxiv ntawm kev pab lub neej. Cov thawj coj ntawm kev lag luam hluav taws xob yog Nyiv, Asmeskas, thiab Kaus Lim Qab Teb.
Thauj engineering
Kev tsim kho tshuab yog ib qho ntawm feem kev txhim kho ntawm qhov kev lag luam ntawm no. Kwv yees li 50 lab lub tsheb thiab cov tsheb thauj khoom tau tsim hauv ntiaj teb txhua xyoo. Txoj kev niaj zaus ntawm kev nrhiav cov tsheb lag luam yog "pawg", thaum lub hauv paus ntawm lub tuam txhab nyob hauv plawv chaw, thiab cov tuam txhab tshwj xeeb muab cov yas, hlau, dyes, roj hmab, thiab lwm yam yog cov nyob puag ncig. Cov thawj coj hauv kev lag luam yog Asmeskas, Nyij Pooj, Yelemes, Ltalis. Cov teb chaws vam meej muaj nce ntxiv hauv kev tsim nkoj; piv txwv li, qhov sib faib ntawm Kaus Lim Qab Teb, Nyij Pooj niaj hnub no yuav luag muaj 50 feem pua ntawm txhua lub nkoj lag luam hauv hiav txwv.
Kev tsim kho ua liaj ua teb
Cov chaw tsim khoom tsim cov tshuab ua liaj ua teb yog nyob hauv thaj chaw ua liaj ua teb tseem ceeb hauv ntiaj teb. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov tebchaws uas tau mus txog qib siab kawg ntawm kev siv tshuab tam sim no txo kev lag luam ntawm cov khoom siv, tsom mus rau kev ua haujlwm thev naus laus zis ntawm cov koog uas twb muaj lawm. Kev coj noj coj ua yog maj mam hloov mus rau cov tebchaws. Tab sis txog tam sim no yog Nyij Pooj nrog 150,000 lub tsheb laij ib xyoos (thawj txoj haujlwm yog vim kev tsim cov tsheb mentsis tsawg), tom qab ntawd Is Nrias teb (100,000) thiab qhov chaw thib peb rau Tebchaws Meskas (kwv yees 100,000).
