Kev cuam tshuam rau cov neeg siv khoom thiab qhov tsim muaj qhov xav tau rau ib yam khoom lossis kev pabcuam hauv kev ua lag luam yog ib txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua lag luam. Kev thov txhais tau tias yuav tsum tau siv cov khoom thiab cov kev pabcuam hauv cov lag luam tshwj xeeb.
Kev lag luam xav tswvyim
Kev thov yog ib qho ntawm cov qauv tseem ceeb hauv kev ua lag luam, nws hais txog qhov kev xav tau, uas yog kev txhawb nqa los ntawm kev yuav khoom tiag tiag ntawm cov pej xeem. Qhov kev thov rau cov khoom lag luam tshwm sim vim yog cov tsim kev xav tau ntawm cov neeg yuav khoom. Tom qab txhua tus, txhua tus neeg, nyob hauv qab ntawm qee yam, yog yuam kom tau ib yam dab tsi.
Raws li D. Traut phau ntawv "22 Tsis Txaus Siab Cov Cai ntawm Kev Ua Lag Luam", kev lag luam tsis yog kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm cov khoom, tab sis kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm kev nkag siab.
Qhov nrov tshaj plaws hauv kev ua lag luam yog Maslow txoj kev xav, raws li qib kev xav tau hauv qab no yog qhov sib txawv, uas txhawb ib tus neeg kom ua:
- lub cev kev xav tau ntawm cov neeg siv khoom (theem pib);
- kev xav tau ntawm kev muab kev nplij siab;
- neeg xav tau kev pab;
- kev xav tau tus kheej;
- kev xav tau ntawm kev ua tiav ntawm tus kheej thiab kev pom tus kheej.
Txhua yam khoom (lossis kev pabcuam) uas muag hauv khw yog ua kom tau raws li qee yam kev xav tau thiab muaj nqi (nqi) rau cov neeg yuav khoom. Kev lag luam cais qhov sib txawv ntawm cov tswv yim ntawm tag nrho thiab cov nqi hluav taws xob tsawg. Cov nqi hluav taws xob tsis txawv txav nthuav qhia qhov theem ntawm cov neeg siv khoom txaus siab uas tshwm sim tom qab txhua yam khoom muag tau noj tas.
Hauv txhua lub khw, txoj cai kev txo nqi ntawm cov nqi hluav taws xob tsis zoo yog siv. Nws lub ntsiab lus dag hauv qhov tseeb tias txhua ntu txuas ntawm cov khoom lag luam coj tus neeg siv khoom noj khoom haus tsawg dua kev txaus siab dua li qhov ua dhau los.
Kev faib tawm ntawm kev ua lag luam xav tau
Hauv nws daim ntawv hais dav dav, cov pab pawg hauv qab no xav tau txawv:
1. Lub cev xav tau - tau tsim nyob hauv qab ntawm tus yam ntxwv xav tau ntawm tus neeg. Cov kev xaiv yog nyob raws li kab lis kev cai thiab cov cwj pwm ntawm ib puag ncig muab kab lis kev cai. Cuam tshuam ntawm cov neeg tsim khoom (lossis muag khoom) ntawm cov kev xav tau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no tsis tseem ceeb. Txawm li cas los xij, cov tsim khoom lag luam tuaj yeem tsim cov qhov xav tau ntawm lawv tus kheej. Piv txwv, shaping qhov kev thov rau cov khoom noj siv mis nyuj, ua rau lawv noj ib txwm muaj.
2. Kev yuam yuav tsum muaj tshwm sim thaum cov khoom yuav raug yuam. Piv txwv, hom no suav nrog kev yuav tshuaj noj.
3. Qhov kev thov ruaj khov yog tsim los ntawm cov tsim tawm (cov muag khoom). Ib qho kev txiav txim siab txiav txim siab yuav khoom pib nrog kev tsim qhov xav tau khoom lag luam thiab kev paub txog. Tsuas yog tom qab ntawv tshawb cov ntaub ntawv hais txog cov khoom, xaiv thiab sib piv ntawm cov kev xaiv, thiab thaum kawg, kev yuav nws tus kheej. Qhov kev xaiv ntawm qhov no lossis qhov khoom lag luam hauv qhov no yog nyob ntawm qhov ua tau zoo ntawm kev sib txuas lus nrog tus neeg siv khoom ntawm ib feem ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom.
Thawj qhov pib nrog kev tshawb fawb txog kev lag luam yog los txiav txim siab cov kev xav tau ntawm cov neeg siv khoom. Ntxiv mus, nws raug nquahu kom ua qhov no coj mus rau hauv lawv tus lej segmentation. Feem ntau, cov qauv no yog txivneej los pojniam, hnub nyoog, kev ua neej, kev lag luam thiab kev ua neeg. Qhov kev cais ntu no tso cai rau koj txheeb xyuas cov kev xav tau ntawm cov neeg tuaj saib hom phiaj, uas tus muag khoom tau hais txog, thiab ua raws txoj cai tswj kev lag luam kom ua tau zoo dua.
Hauv kev ua lag luam, nws yog kev coj ua kom txawv ntawm cov neeg yuav khoom thiab cov neeg siv khoom. Cov neeg yuav khoom yog cov neeg uas ua kev yuav khoom ncaj qha. Cov neeg tau txais kev pab yog lub tswvyim dav dua uas cuam tshuam rau cov koom nrog kev lag luam uas txaus siab rau lawv cov kev xav tau.
Rau kev qhia txhua yam ntawm kev xav tau, cov lus hauv qab no tau txheeb xyuas:
- muas motives;
- Cov khoom tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm cov khoom lag luam thiab cov tsis muaj feem cuam tshuam (piv txwv, kev pabcuam);
- qhov xav tau qhov kawg los ntawm kev siv khoom;
- cov neeg siv khoom muaj teeb meem uas lawv xav daws nrog cov khoom;
- kam ceev nrooj mus yuav khoom;
- cov mob uas tus neeg tau txais kev pab yuav yuav yam khoom (nqe, qhov sib thooj rau tsev, thiab lwm yam).
Raws li cov kev tshawb fawb nqa tawm, cov duab ntawm cov neeg yuav khoom yog tsim, uas ua cov hauv paus ntawm cov qauv kev lag luam sib txuas lus.
